張?。郝毱辗至魇钦畯娭扑鶠閱?/title><meta name="keywords" content="職普分流" /><meta name="description" content="教育分流不是簡單地一邊倒，以大幅擴大普通高中盲目滿足教育需求，否則，將造成教育結構的失調和社會人才結構的失衡，進一步加大社會就業矛盾，對受教育者個體、社會穩定和國家競爭力終究是不利的。合理的職普結構必須統籌兼顧以下諸方面因素：" /> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/js/g/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/js/g/public.js"></script> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/s/css/g/BaseStyle.css" /> <script> var cUID = "0", cShopID = "";</script> <script> var _id = "10917",_ClassID= "4",allowguestcomment="1";</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/js/w/1/Index-MasterPage5.js"></script><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/s/css/w/1/Index-MasterPage5.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/js/w/1/News-View1.js"></script> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/s/css/w/1/News-View1.css" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/s/css/g/CommonStyle.css" /> <script 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<span>閱讀：</span><b>103</b>次 <a href="#" onclick="return GoToComment();">我要評論</a></h2> <div id="htxzvvv" class="NewsShare"> <div id="dnpbhnx" class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="tjxbdvl" class="Intro"><strong>[導讀]</strong>教育分流不是簡單地一邊倒，以大幅擴大普通高中盲目滿足教育需求，否則，將造成教育結構的失調和社會人才結構的失衡，進一步加大社會就業矛盾，對受教育者個體、社會穩定和國家競爭力終究是不利的。合理的職普結構必須統籌兼顧以下諸方面因素：</div> <div id="llzlvvn" class="Contents"><p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;">伴隨著教育事業的不斷發展和高等教育大眾化進程，人們對教育需求的期望值也不斷提升，更多人接受高等教育成為必然趨勢。在這樣的背景下，近年來，一些詆毀中等職業教育的觀念有所流行。有觀點認為，要大幅度擴大普通高中招生，甚至實行高中后分流，滿足人們對高等教育的需求。還有觀點認為，學生初中畢業后被政府強制分流到職業教育，職普大體相當是政府通過行政手段實現，許多學生是被中考分數強制淘汰到了職業學校，甚至上升到人權層面。筆者認為，這些說法都是極其錯誤的，對職業教育發展殺傷力很大，也誤導了學生的教育需求，對辦人民滿意的教育和我國社會主義現代化建設有害而無益。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;"> </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:32px;font-family:宋體;"><o:p></o:p></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;">事實上，教育的問題，很大程度上是教育結構的問題，一個地方的教育分流是教育結構的客觀反映，只要高考還有淘汰率，普通高中招生就不應再大幅度增加，普通高中就應保持一個合理的規模?；诖耍踔挟厴I進行分流是自然而然的事，不需要也不存在政府強制。這也是國外教育分流的通行規則，并不是想上高中就能上高中。至于分流的標準，許多國家是根據學生學業成績和教師指導，而我國為了保證公平選擇了升學考試，根據中考分數引導分流。這也給人造成一種錯覺，認為沒有考上高中的學生是被中考分數切掉了，其實，并不存在誰強制學生選擇教育需求，中考分數只是在盡可能公平的原則下選擇教育需求的參考標準罷了，其作用與國外教師指導學生分流并無根本二致。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;"> </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:32px;font-family:宋體;"><o:p></o:p></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;">調整和優化教育結構是政府職責所在，是政府基于經濟社會發展需求、人的職業生涯發展需要和學生不同特質差異等諸多方面因素綜合考量和統籌協調的必要措施，也是一項國家戰略性教育政策，亦是國際通行做法，符合事物發展規律。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;"> </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:32px;font-family:宋體;"><o:p></o:p></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;">教育分流不是簡單地一邊倒，以大幅擴大普通高中盲目滿足教育需求，否則，將造成教育結構的失調和社會人才結構的失衡，進一步加大社會就業矛盾，對受教育者個體、社會穩定和國家競爭力終究是不利的。合理的職普結構必須統籌兼顧以下諸方面因素：</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;"> </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:32px;font-family:宋體;"><o:p></o:p></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:32px;font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:SimHei;line-height:2.5;">一是高等學校招生人數與普通高中畢業生人數的匹配度。國家在制訂高等教育招生計劃時要統籌考慮各省（市、自治區）高中畢業生人數，但也并非高中畢業生越多越好，需盡可能做到全國相對平衡，否則國家在宏觀上就難以把握。在我國的高考體制下，一定的高考淘汰率有利于人才選拔，但也不能太高，否則會造成教育浪費和社會和諧穩定等問題。大幅度擴大普通高中招生，增加的是高考后端的學生，于學生其實已無意義。所以，盲目擴普，滿足了上高中，但未必能考上心儀的大學。當下滿意了但高中三年后未必滿意，政府不能給學生和家長開</span><span style="line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;">“空頭支票”，誤導學生發展。</span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;"> </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:32px;font-family:宋體;"><o:p></o:p></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:32px;font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:SimHei;line-height:2.5;">二是學生稟賦條件與普通高中學習的適合度。多元智能理論證明，學生智力有多種類型，不同智力類型的學生適合不同類型的學習模式。普通高中主要目標是高考，學習的模式主要是學科知識記憶與演繹，而這樣的學習模式許多學生是不適應的，造成學困。蘇南某經濟發達市初中畢業生上職業學校和普通高中的人數各占一半，經對上普通高中的那一半學生進行學習適應性調查，結果顯示，適應上普通高中的學生的比例為</span><span style="line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;">70%，有25%的學生勉強適應，有5%的學生很不適應。而職業教育的學習模式主要是行動導向和知行結合，這些學生就能如魚得水，促進了職業生涯的發展，這也成就了各行各業的眾多工匠人才，政府在這方面加強引導理所應當。</span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;"> </span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:32px;font-family:宋體;"><o:p></o:p></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:32px;font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:SimHei;line-height:2.5;">三是教育發展與社會經濟需求的適應度。國際上通行學術型人才與應用型人才</span><span style="line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;">2∶8的結構，從教育供給側與經濟社會發展需求側平衡的角度看，將更多學生引導到學術型教育，會進一步加劇就業矛盾和高素質技術技能人才的緊缺，不利于我國的社會主義現代化建設。政府從國家利益全局和學生個體利益出發，進行合理的教育結構布局和教育需求引導是完全必要的。人們希望接受高等教育理所當然，高等教育普及化也是必然趨勢，關鍵是如何滿足接受高等教育的需求和如何推進高等教育普及化。加快應用型職業型高等教育發展，構建中高職銜接的教育體系是必然的教育政策選擇。為了讓那些有需求、有能力的學生通過職業教育繼續技術技能升學的發展之路，優化高等教育人才結構，建議國家在制訂各省份高等教育招生計劃時也將中職學校規模予以兼顧。</span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="list-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:#000000;text-transform:none;line-height:28px;text-indent:21pt;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;orphans:2;widows:2;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;"> <span style="line-height:2.5;font-family:SimHei;"> </span> </p><div 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